This book analyses common rainfed farming systems and defines the principles and practices important to their effective functioning and management. The chapters of the book have been selected and arranged in such a manner as to lead the students through the entire gamut of rainfed agriculture supported by suitable examples and diagrams. The topics covered are most relevant in view of growing interests of rainfed agriculture technologies. The focus is on new concepts and approaches in dryland and rainfed lands, dryland farming techniques, watershed management and its components, agricultural technology for drylands, drought preparedness and management, water harvesting and its role in rainfed agriculture, integrated watershed management, strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change in rainfed areas, role of mulching in soil and water conservation, agriculture’s effects on society and economy. The book is also supported with a comprehensive glossary and index in the end. This book will be useful to the students, teachers, progressive farmers, policy makers, extension workers and researchers working on various institutes and different universities.